What Is WikiLeaks?

The military trial of U.S. Army Private Bradley Manning began Monday. He is charged with violating the Espionage Act by knowingly leaking thousands of classified documents to the Wikileaks whistleblower website.

The documents, including sensitive State Department cables and classified military logs from Iraq and Afghanistan, comprised one of the largest breaches of security in U.S. history.

Shortly after Wikileaks began posting the material online in May 2010, Manning, an intelligence analyst serving in Iraq, was detained by military authorities and has been held in solitary confinement since. Although he has already admitted leaking the documents and pleaded guilty to some of the charges, his closely watched trial is expected to last the summer.

What Is Wikileaks?

International not-for-profit group that publishes anonymously-submitted material online.
Published leaks includes internal documents from the Church of Scientology, secret memos targeting corruption in the Kenyan government, Icelandic documents that contributed to that nation's banking collapse, and what appears to be a U.S. military video of a deadly Apache helicopter raid in Iraq in 2007.
Founder Julian Assange told VOA Wikileaks "aims to achieve just political reforms by getting out information that has been suppressed to the public.”

Is What Wikileaks Does Legal?

Many governments around the world, including the United States, have stated or suggested that Wikileaks has violated numerous security and espionage laws by publicly posting classified, in some case highly sensitive material.
Transparency advocates, such as Daniel Ellsberg and others, counter that citizens have a right to know about the activities of their governments, and that leaks are "extra-legal", or beyond the realm of law.
At the urging of the U.S. government, major credit card companies Visa and Mastercard and the PayPal service banned any contributions to Wikileaks.

"Free speech is what regulates government and what regulates law." - Julian Assange

Who Is Julian Assange?

Generally credited as the lead founder of the Wikileaks website, Julian Assange usually describes himself as merely editor-in-chief.
Was a hacker (under the pseudonyn MENDAX) and Internet freedom activist in his native Australia while young and authored several successful computer security protocols.
Left Australia when Wikileaks launched, travelling to a wide variety of nations in a secretive fashion until landing in England.
Sought and was granted asylum in the Ecuadoran embassy in London while facing extradiction to Sweden on charges there of sexual assault.

Who Is Bradley Manning?

Private in the U.S. Army, stationed in Iraq as an intelligence analyst before he was detained by authorities.
First alluded to stealing classified documents in online chats with hacker and journalist Adrian Lamo in 2010, telling Lamo "lets just say *someone* i know intimately well, has been penetrating US classified networks, mining data like the ones described … sorting the data, compressing it, encrypting it, and uploading it to a crazy white haired Aussie who can’t seem to stay in one country very long."
Since his detention in solitary confinement in Spring 2010, Manning has admitted to leaking thousands of diplomatic cables and military logs to Wikileaks.
Is currently facing 22 charges in court martial, including aiding the enemy. Manning has already pleaded guilty to 10 of those counts.

For more of VOA's extensive coverage of Wikileaks, including an interview with founder Julian Assange and the case for and against Private Bradley Manning, visit our Digital Frontiers blog.

Why States Still Use Barrel Bombs

Smoke ascends after a Syrian military helicopter allegedly dropped a barrel bomb over the city of Daraya on Jan. 31.(FADI DIRANI/AFP/Getty Images) Summary Barrel bombs are not especially effective weapons. They are often poorly constructed; they fail to detonate more often than other devices constructed for a similar purpose; and their lack of precision means they can have a disproportionate effect on civilian populations. However, combatants continue to use barrel bombs in conflicts, including in recent and ongoing conflicts in Africa and the Middle East, and they are ideally suited to the requirements of resource-poor states. Analysis Barrel bombs are improvised devices that contain explosive filling and shrapnel packed into a container, often in a cylindrical shape such as a barrel. The devices continue to be dropped on towns all over Syria . Indeed, there have been several documented cases of their use in Iraq over the past months, and residents of the city of Mosul, which was re...

Russia Looks East for New Oil Markets

Click to Enlarge In the final years of the Soviet Union, Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev began orienting his foreign policy toward Asia in response to a rising Japan. Putin has also piloted a much-touted pivot to Asia, coinciding with renewed U.S. interest in the area. A good expression of intent was Russia's hosting of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit in 2012 in Vladivostok, near Russia's borders with China and North Korea. Although its efforts in Asia have been limited by more direct interests in Russia's periphery and in Europe, Moscow recently has been able to look more to the east. Part of this renewed interest involves finding new export markets for Russian hydrocarbons. Russia's economy relies on energy exports, particularly crude oil and natural gas exported via pipeline to the West. However, Western Europe is diversifying its energy sources as new supplies come online out of a desire to reduce its dependence on Russian energy supplies . This has ...

LONDON POLICE INDIRECTLY ENCOURAGE CRIMINALS TO ATTACK RUSSIAN DIPLOMATIC PROPERTY

ILLUSTRATIVE IMAGE A few days ago an unknown perpetrator trespassed on the territory of the Russian Trade Delegation in London, causing damage to the property and the vehicles belonging to the trade delegation , Russian Foreign Ministry Spokeswoman Maria Zakharova said during the September 12 press briefing. The diplomat revealed the response by the London police was discouraging. Police told that the case does not have any prospects and is likely to be closed. This was made despite the fact that the British law enforcement was provided with video surveillance tapes and detailed information shedding light on the incident. By this byehavior, British law inforcements indirectly encourage criminals to continue attacks on Russian diplomatic property in the UK. Zakharova’s statement on “Trespassing on the Russian Trade Mission premises in London” ( source ): During our briefings, we have repeatedly discussed compliance with the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, sp...

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