ISDEI Instituto de Seguridad, Defensa y Estudios Internacionales

Americans exchange diamond rings as part of the engagement process, because in 1938 De Beers decided that they would like us to. Prior to a stunningly successful marketing campaign in 1938 Americans occasionally exchanged engagement rings, but wasn't a pervasive occurrence. Not only is the demand for diamonds a marketing invention, but diamonds aren't actually that rare. Only by carefully restricting the supply has De Beers kept the price of a diamond high. It's the equivalent of some company restricting the supply of aluminum so instead of it actually being available and dirty cheap it's instead sold in jewelry for more expensive than platinum. It's absolutely absurd. A company called De Beers, who has a monopoly, artificially restricts the supply of diamond to keep the prices obscenely high. Not only are they artificially high but they are a worthless investment. Retail jewelers prefer not to buy back diamonds from customers because they sell them at a 100 to 200

Click to Enlarge On July 21, Texas Gov. Rick Perry announced he was deploying 1,000 members of the Texas National Guard to the Mexican border to help strengthen border security. The move is the latest in a chain of events concerning the emigration of Central American minors that has become heavily publicized and politicized. This type of hype and politicization of the U.S.-Mexico border is not new and has surfaced at irregular intervals for decades now. But lost in all the media hype over this "border crisis" is the fact that in 2013 overall immigration was down significantly from historical levels. According to U.S. Border Patrol apprehension statistics, there were only 420,789 apprehensions in fiscal year 2013 compared to 1,160,395 in 2004. In fact, from fiscal years 1976 to 2010, apprehensions never dropped below 500,000. During that same period, the Border Patrol averaged 1,083,495 apprehensions per year compared to just 420,789 last year. Of course, apprehen

by George Friedman The commotion surrounding Iraqi Kurdistan's ongoing feud with Iraq's central government spread to the Texas Gulf Coast over the weekend. The U.S. Coast Guard, Department of State, Department of Homeland Security and National Security Council were sent scrambling when a tanker tried to offload 100,000 barrels of Kurdish crude. The sale of the United Kalavryta's cargo would mark the second time (the first was sold to an Israeli buyer) that Iraq's Kurdish leadership has sold crude oil in complete defiance of Baghdad . The Iraqi central government maintains that all Iraqi crude must be sold and distributed by federal authorities in order to maintain the territorial integrity of the country. Baghdad's position is endorsed by the United States and Iran but challenged by Turkey, which has backed the Kurdistan Regional Government's transactions so far and is reportedly loading a fifth tanker at the port of Ceyhan at the time of writing. Meanwhile, ano

A resident of Lysychansk, a city in eastern Ukraine, crosses the street past Ukrainian military armored personnel carriers July 27, 2014.(GENYA SAVILOV/AFP/Getty Images) Summary Ukrainian forces have made significant progress toward their goal of isolating the separatist-controlled cities of Donetsk and Luhansk. After a week of fighting, the military regained control of Debaltseve, a strategic town at the junction of the main E40 and E50 highways. It also now controls Shakhtarsk and is making gains in Torez, located east of Donetsk, and Lutuhyne, a town to the southwest of Luhansk. This puts Kiev's forces in control of much of the territory between Donetsk and Luhansk, allowing them to prevent the movement of arms and personnel between the two militant strongholds. Analysis Despite its recent successes, Kiev continues to face challenges in its attempts to suppress the pro-Russia separatist movement in eastern Ukraine. The government has recently ramped up its military efforts, mov

German infantry in training a month before the start of World War I, June 30, 1914. (Topical Press Agency/Getty Images) Summary On July 28, 1914, exactly one month after Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife were shot dead, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. The stage was set for World War I, an inevitable result of decades of political maneuvering, militarization, alliances and planning for a conflict that would shatter the great European epoch, laying waste to empires and ascendant nations. Analysis At the heart of World War I was the rise of Germany and the question of its place in the European balance of power. Prussian statesman Otto Von Bismarck had painstakingly crafted a modern, unified German nation through fire and blood, ensuring its survival through shrewd realpolitik diplomacy. The new unified Germany remained wary of potential threats from east and west, a concern reciprocated by nearby states, which harbored deep-seated concerns and fears over

  Europe July 29: The General Affairs Council, comprising EU foreign ministers, will meet in Brussels. July 30: Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy and Catalonia regional President Artur Mas will meet at Rajoy's Moncloa residence in Madrid to discuss the issue of independence for Catalonia. Asia-Pacific July 23-30: Canadian Foreign Minister John Baird will visit China, Mongolia and Japan. July 25-31: U.S., Indian and Japanese warships will hold joint naval exercises in the Pacific. The Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force will take part. July 28-31: Canadian and Japanese negotiators will meet in Ottawa for another round of talks on a free trade agreement between the two countries. July 29: Japanese Defense Minister Itsunori Onodera will meet with his French counterpart, Jean-Yves Le Drian, to discuss expanding military cooperation, particularly in the development of submarine drones. July 29: In a hearing, the U.S. Senate Committee on Finance is likely to a

Click to Enlarge Low global platinum prices have diminished profits in the platinum sector, and this year major mining companies in South Africa faced further profit losses during the five-month strike by the Association of Mineworkers and Construction Union. The perceived inability to reform labor and energy costs in South Africa will lead to a greater mechanization of platinum and similar mining sectors in the coming years. Labor costs are only one part of the problem. Many of South Africa's platinum, gold and diamond mines have operated for years, leading to lower ore quality and deeper and narrower mines. Narrower mines limit the amount and type of equipment miners can use. Deeper mines mean that mining companies have to enact more health, safety and environmental measures and laboriously move people and machinery into place. This requires more time, more labor and more expenses. Moreover, South Africa's platinum sector suffers from the rivalry between the Associat

A Ukrainian air force SU-25 fighter plane flies during exercises near the southern city of Mykolayiv in 2006.(GENIA SAVILOV/AFP/Getty Images) Summary Despite a number of recent incidents in which pro-Russian militants have shot down Ukrainian military airplanes and helicopters, aircraft continue to play an effective role in the conflict in eastern Ukraine. Their deployment contributed to Kiev's recent capture of the cities of Dzerzhinsk, Soledar and Rubizhne by providing valuable support to advancing ground forces. Aside from Mi-24 and Mi-8 helicopters , Su-25 aircraft have played the most prominent role in air support and, as a result, have suffered disproportionate casualties. As a simple, reliable and sturdy ground attack airplane, the Su-25 will continue to be useful in eastern Ukraine, although it will come under increasing threat from militant air defense systems. Analysis The Soviet Union introduced the Su-25 in 1975 as its version of the U.S.-produced A-10 Thunderbolt, know